Kuarza Berita Rangkaian Serbuk China ialah salah satu mineral yang paling biasa dalam alam semula jadi. Ia adalah nama saintifik bagi sekumpulan mineral yang terdiri daripada silikon dioksida (SiO2). Ia digunakan secara meluas dalam industri tradisional seperti kaca, pembinaan, dan hiasan batu permata. Sejak tahun 1960-an, teknologi baru muncul seperti komputer, bahan baharu dan tenaga baharu telah mengemukakan keperluan yang lebih tinggi untuk ketulenan produk kuarza, dan konsep kuarza ketulenan tinggi-dilahirkan.
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High-purity quartz is an irreplaceable basic material in the development process of national strategic industries and pillar industries. It is indispensable and irreplaceable for high-tech industries such as semiconductor chips, solar photovoltaics, optical fiber communications, aerospace, precision optics and special glass. Important functional materials are mineral resources that are truly "stuck in the neck". In nature, although quartz is widely distributed, high-purity quartz with high purity is very rare.
1 Apakah kuarza ketulenan tinggi?
Kuarza-ketulenan tinggi secara semula jadi (seperti kristal) atau ditulenkan dan diproses daripada bahan mentah kuarza yang agak tulen. Disebabkan keperluan kualiti kuarza yang berbeza dalam industri yang berbeza, tiada standard kualiti yang seragam untuk-kualiti ketulenan tinggi di dunia hari ini.
Mengikut keperluan kualiti kaca kuarza yang digunakan dalam industri semikonduktor dan fotovoltaik, sesetengah sarjana di Norway dan Amerika Syarikat percaya bahawa jumlah kandungan kekotoran kuarza hendaklah kurang daripada 50 bahagian per juta, iaitu, ketulenan SiO2. mesti mencapai lebih daripada 99.995 peratus untuk dipanggil kuarza ketulenan tinggi. Sesetengah sarjana di negara saya percaya bahawa kuarza dengan ketulenan 99.9 peratus atau lebih daripada 99.99 peratus SiO2 ialah kuarza-ketulenan tinggi.
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Secara umumnya, semakin tinggi ketulenan kuarza, semakin rendah kandungan unsur kekotoran, dan semakin baik kualitinya. Ini kerana kuarza -tulen tinggi mempunyai sifat yang lebih baik seperti rintangan suhu tinggi, rintangan kakisan, pengembangan haba yang rendah, penebat tinggi dan penghantaran cahaya, yang boleh memenuhi keperluan kualiti industri-berteknologi tinggi seperti cip semikonduktor, fotovoltaik suria, dan optik ketepatan.
2 Kepentingan strategik kuarza-tinggi
As early as 2011, the General Office of the State Council issued the Strategic Action Outline for Mineral Prospecting Breakthroughs (2011-2020), which clearly identified high-purity quartz as minerals required by strategic emerging industries. High-purity quartz and its raw materials are also mentioned many times in the 2017-2019 edition of the "Key New Materials First Batch Application Demonstration Guidance Catalog". Relevant documents such as "Building Materials Industry Development Plan (2016-2020)", "Guidelines for the Development of Key Common Technologies in the Industry (2017)", "Industrial Structure Adjustment Guidance Catalogue (2019)" and "Industry Catalogue for Encouraging Foreign Investment (2019)" are also vigorously Support the development of high-purity quartz. In 2020, the "Guiding Opinions on Expanding Investment in Strategic Emerging Industries to Cultivate and Strengthen New Growth Point Growth Pole" jointly issued by the four ministries and commissions also clearly requires focusing on key industrial fields and accelerating the development of key materials, key chips, high-end components and other core technologies. Attack. High-purity quartz and its raw materials are closely related to these fields. At present, some core technologies related to high-purity quartz have not yet made breakthroughs. It is necessary to raise the core technologies related to high-purity quartz to the perspective of national strategy to tackle key problems.
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In addition, the supply risk of high-purity quartz and its raw materials in China is relatively high. On the one hand, its resources are mainly concentrated in foreign production, and the proportion of domestic production is relatively low. With the continuous advancement of Made in China 2025, the contradiction between supply and demand of high-purity quartz and its raw materials will also become more prominent; on the other hand, due to the political situation. Its trade channel has great insecurity, and the supply of high-purity quartz and its raw materials will face huge risks in the future. From the perspective of economic value, this type of resources plays an important role in the development of my country's strategic emerging industries. Although the proportion is not high, if the supply of such resources is restricted, it will directly affect the efficient and orderly development of strategic emerging industries.
3 Penyediaan kuarza-tinggi
Terdapat tiga jenis kaedah penyediaan utama untuk kuarza-ketulenan tinggi, iaitu pengisaran kristal semula jadi, penulenan dalam mineral kuarza dan pemprosesan dan sintesis kimia.
3.1 Pengisaran kristal semulajadi
Kuarza-ketulenan tinggi pada asalnya diperoleh melalui penulenan mendalam daripada kristal semula jadi primer dan sekunder. Proses menyediakan-pasir kuarza ketulenan tinggi daripada kristal semula jadi agak mudah. Bijih kristal mentah dihancurkan, pengasingan magnet, pengapungan, larut lesap asid, pengeringan, dan pemanggangan untuk mendapatkan kuarza siap. pasir.
However, at present, my country's crystal resources are gradually scarce, and the cost is getting higher and higher; and the production process has high impurity content, high energy consumption, and poor product quality stability. At present, the primary and secondary crystals of purified high{{0}}purity quartz in my country mainly come from East China Sea, Jiangsu, and the unit price is about 30.040.0 yuan/kg, and the large-scale primary and secondary crystal mining in this area is basically depleted.
3.2 Pembersihan mendalam bagi mineral kuarza
Disebabkan oleh kelebihan harga rendah mineral kuarza asli, sumber yang agak banyak dan pencemaran yang rendah dalam proses penyediaan, pasir kuarza ketulenan tinggi pada masa ini kebanyakannya ditulenkan daripada mineral kuarza.
Penulenan mendalam bagi mineral kuarza adalah terutamanya untuk membuang sejumlah kecil atau kesan kekotoran dan memperoleh-kuarsa ketulenan tinggi. Mengikut tahap teknologi semasa, orang ramai boleh menulenkan-kuarza ketulenan tinggi daripada sumber mineral seperti kuarza urat, kuarzit, serbuk kuarza dan pegmatit, malah daripada tailing beberapa lombong logam. Di antara banyak mendapan mineral kuarza, pegmatit granit ialah mineral yang paling sesuai untuk menulenkan-kuarza ketulenan tinggi.
Walau bagaimanapun, pengedaran global bahan mentah yang boleh diproses menjadi kuarza -tulen tinggi adalah kurang taburan dan tidak sekata.
3.3 Kaedah pemprosesan kimia kuarza ketulenan tinggi-tinggi
Dalam tahun-tahun kebelakangan ini, penyelidikan mengenai penyediaan kuarza-ketulenan tinggi melalui sintesis kimia telah secara beransur-ansur menarik perhatian di dalam dan luar negara. Pada masa ini, kaedah pemprosesan kimia bagi-kuarsa ketulenan tinggi terutamanya termasuk kaedah sintesis fasa-gas, kaedah pemendakan kimia, kaedah sol-gel dan cecair silikon tetraklorida- kaedah hidrolisis fasa.
At present, the world's major producers of high-purity synthetic quartz materials include Corning Corporation of the United States, Heraeus of Germany, Tosoh Corporation of Japan, Shin-Etsu Quartz Corporation of Japan, and Philippine in China.
4 Keadaan semasa kuarza-ketulenan tinggi di negara saya
Disebabkan oleh keistimewaan bahan mentah dan kerahsiaan teknikal, pengeluaran dan eksport kuarza-ketulenan tinggi dan bahan mentahnya sangat tertumpu di beberapa negara dan perusahaan di dunia. Antaranya, teknologi dan produk pemprosesan dan penulenan tinggi-terutama dikuasai oleh negara maju seperti Amerika Syarikat. Kuarza ketulenan-tinggi-tinggi bergantung terutamanya pada import.
In 2019, the global import volume of high-purity quartz was 205,400 t, of which China imported 144,500 t, making it the world's largest importer of high-purity quartz, accounting for 70.35 percent of total global imports. In China's high-purity synthetic quartz market, Corning's high-purity synthetic quartz products accounted for the highest proportion, reaching 33.4 percent ; Germany's Heraeus accounted for 21.0 percent of China's high-purity synthetic quartz market; Japan's Tosoh Corporation's high-purity synthetic quartz products accounted for 33.4 percent . The products account for 16.9 percent of the domestic market; the high-purity synthetic quartz of the domestic company Feilihua currently accounts for about 9.8 percent of the domestic market.
Kualiti-produk kuarza ketulenan tinggi dikawal oleh kualiti-sumber bahan mentah ketulenan tinggi. Pada masa ini, tidak banyak penerokaan dan penilaian bahan mentah kuarza-ketulenan tinggi di negara saya. Setakat ini, tiada deposit bahan mentah kuarza ketulenan tinggi-berskala besar dan stabil-tinggi telah ditemui, dan adalah mustahil untuk menyediakan-bahan mentah kuarza ketulenan tinggi dengan kualiti yang stabil untuk perusahaan pengeluaran . Kapasiti pengeluaran kuarza-ketulenan tinggi di negara saya tidak dapat memenuhi keperluan pasaran, dan percanggahan antara bekalan dan permintaan akan beransur-ansur menjadi ketara.
5 Aplikasi kuarza-ketulenan tinggi
Industries and fields such as semiconductors, optical communications, photovoltaics, optics, and electric light sources are important areas that support the development of strategic emerging industries. They are important guarantees for building major projects, improving people's livelihood, and consolidating national defense and military industries. They occupy an important position in the construction of the national economy. , High-purity quartz is widely used in these industries and fields, and is a rare and common high-value-added mineral resource required by these fields.
Bidang aplikasi utama produk kuarza -ketulenan tinggi
Note: ① means SiO2 content of 99.995 percent ; ② means SiO2 content of 99.998 percent .
Sumber rujukan:
1 Wang Ziguo. Thoughts on the strategic layout of my country's high-purity quartz industry. China Mining. 2021.
2 Wang Jiuyi. High-purity quartz—the "giant panda" in silica. Earth. 2022.
3 Limu Information Consulting. "Market Development Overview of China's High Purity Synthetic Quartz Industry in 2022"
4 Hao Wenjun, et al. Status, pengeluaran, penggunaan dan corak perdagangan sumber kuarza ketulenan tinggi-global. Panduan Industri Perlombongan Bukan Logam China. 2020.
5 Li Guanghui, et al. Analisis dan cadangan bahan mentah kuarza-ketulenan tinggi sebagai mineral strategik. Panduan Industri Mineral Bukan Logam China. 2020.
6 Wang Ziguo, et al. Analisis punca turun naik harga kuarza di negara saya. Geologi Arang Batu China. 2021.
7 Yan Lingya, et al. Situasi semasa dan situasi penawaran dan permintaan pembangunan dan penggunaan sumber kuarza ketulenan tinggi-tinggi di China. Maklumat Tanah dan Sumber. 2020.
8 Li Aimin, et al. Teknologi penyediaan dan penggunaan kuarza-ketulenan tinggi. Peralatan bukan ferus. 2021.
(Diedit oleh China Powder Network/Xingyao)
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